Publications

Peer-reviewed articles and abstracts

Ametropia detection using a novel, compact wavefront autorefractor

Hernández CSGil AZaytouny ACasares IPoderoso Jde Lara A, et al. Ametropia detection using a novel, compact wavefront autorefractorOphthalmic Physiol Opt202444311320https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13263

Key findings

Refractive prescriptions obtained from an autorefractor can be an effective tool for extending eyecare coverage to a broader population base, especially in low- and middle-income countries and remote areas where there is shortage of optometrists and facilities to deliver refractive care services.

Most studies assessing the accuracy of autorefractors have used subjective findings obtained by an experienced optometrist for comparison. While this methodology is commonly accepted, it fails to consider the inherent variability of the subjective refraction.

This paper proposes an alternative approach for assessing the accuracy of an autorefractor by comparing the difference between the autorefractor and two subjective findings versus the difference between the two subjective results.

Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science logo

Detection of Significant Vision Conditions in School-age Children using QuickSee Wavefront Auto-refractor

Anh Bui, G.Lynn Mitchell, Marjean T Kulp; Detection of Significant Vision Conditions in School-age Children using QuickSee Wavefront Auto-refractor. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2023;64(8):1440.

Key findings

QuickSee had high discriminatory power for detecting children with any significant targeted vision condition (hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism, anisometropia, amblyopia, and strabismus).

Journal of Optometry logo

Prediction of manifest refraction using machine learning ensemble models on wavefront aberrometry data

Carlos S. Hernández, Andrea Gil, Ignacio Casares, Jesús Poderoso, Alec Wehse, Shivang R. Dave, Daryl Lim, Manuel Sánchez-Montañés, Eduardo Lage. Prediction of manifest refraction using machine learning ensemble models on wavefront aberrometry data. Journal of Optometry2022. ISSN 1888-4296, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optom.2022.03.001.

Key findings

Machine learning methods are effective for improving precision in predicting patient’s subjective refraction from objective measurements taken with a low-cost portable device.

Agreement with subjective refraction for M, J0, and J45 was considerably improved compared to the baseline results provided by the autorefractor.

The machine learning approach, implementable via software, may potentially improve upon the accuracy of the handheld autorefractor used in the study in a cost-effective manner.

The technology could be applied to other autorefractors to improve access to vision correction by non-technical ECPs in health disparity populations.

Nature Scientific Reports logo

Predicting subjective refraction with dynamic retinal image quality analysis

Gil, A., Hernández, C.S., Nam, A.S. et al. Predicting subjective refraction with dynamic retinal image quality analysis. Sci Rep 12, 3714 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-07786-0

Key findings

Dynamic retinal image analysis using wavefront aberrometry can dramatically improve the accuracy of autorefraction results to predict a vision correction prescription. 

Incorporating these advanced algorithms into portable wavefront autorefractors can improve the 0.25D agreement with subjective refraction by 15%.

An autorefractor using dynamic wavefront aberrometry and these analytic techniques can produce more reliable results than the vast majority of autorefractors that rely on static measurements.

Ophthalmology AAO logo

Investigation of the accuracy of a low-cost, portable, autorefractor to provide well-tolerated eyeglass prescriptions: a randomized crossover trial

Joseph S, Varadaraj V, Dave SR, Lage E, Lim D, Aziz K, Dudgeon S, Ravilla TD, Friedman DS, Investigation of the accuracy of a low-cost, portable, autorefractor to provide well-tolerated eyeglass prescriptions: a randomized crossover trial, Ophthalmology (2021), doi: https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.05.030.

Key findings

Prescriptions from QuickSee autorefraction measurements showed strong agreement with prescriptions from subjective refraction. 

Eyeglasses prescribed from QuickSee measurements were preferred equally to those prescribed from subjective refraction. 

QuickSee can help expand access to eyeglass prescriptions where there is a shortage of professionals and traditional clinical equipment to meet the need. 

PLOS One logo

Assessment of the QuickSee wavefront autorefractor for characterizing refractive errors in school-age children

Gil A, Hernández CS, Pérez-Merino P, Rubio M, Velarde G, Abellanas-Lodares M, et al. (2020) Assesment of the QuickSee wavefront autorefractor for characterizing refractive errors in school-age children. PLoS ONE 15(10): e0240933.

Key findings

The high-level of agreement between QuickSee and subjective refraction, as well as the resulting VA achieved by the patients in both study groups, suggest that the device would serve as a useful autorefraction tool for pediatric populations. 

The device’s robust screening metrics, along with its ease of use and handheld form factor, support its use as a pediatric vision screening tool.

Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science logo

Investigation of the accuracy of a low-cost, portable, auto-refractor to provide well-tolerated eyeglass prescriptions

Sanil Jospeh, David S Friedman, Thulasiraj Ravilla, Shivang Dave, Eduardo Lage, Varshini Varadaraj, Kanza Aziz; Investigation of the accuracy of a low-cost, portable, auto-refractor to provide well-tolerated eyeglass prescriptions. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2020;61(7):528.

Key findings: 

  • Results showed strong agreement between the prescriptions from SR and QR.
  • Almost half the patients preferred glasses prescribed using QR only.
  • Given the portable form factor, short measurement time, low cost and minimal training required to use the device, the QuickSee could be considered for use in eyeglass distribution programs.

Assessment of wavefront measurements from a low-cost, portable, aberrometry-based autorefractor

Ahhyun Stephanie Nam, Varshini Varadaraj, Alyssa Marie Kretz, Kanza Aziz, Marcos Rubio, Andrea Gil, Daryl Lim, Shivang Dave, David S Friedman, Nicholas J. Durr, Eduardo Lage; Assessment of wavefront measurements from a low-cost, portable, aberrometry-based autorefractor. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2020;61(7):531.

Key finding:

  • The collective HOA measurements from a portable, low-cost autorefractor showed no significant difference from the commercial desktop wavefront aberrometer, and the contribution of HOA to the total wavefront error showed good inter-device reliability.

Validation of an Affordable Handheld Wavefront Autorefractor

Rubio, Marcos, et al. “Validation of an Affordable Handheld Wavefront AutorefractorOptom. Vis. Sci., vol. 96, no. 10, pp. 726–732, Oct. 2019.

Key findings

Visual acuity resulting from correction based on QuickSee measurements was the same as that achieved by subjective refraction in 87% of the eyes. This improvement in visual acuity is comparable to that reported for clinically established benchtop systems.

Agreement between the three refraction components (M, J0, J45) provided by QuickSee and subjective refraction is within 0.5 D in more than 85 % of the cases.

This research suggests that QuickSee provides measurements that agree more closely with subjective refraction than other handheld autorefractors.

PLOS One logo

Comparing low-cost handheld autorefractors: A practical approach to measuring refraction in low-resource settings

Agarwal A, Bloom DE, deLuise VP, Lubet A, Murali K, Sastry SM (2019) Comparing low-cost handheld autorefractors: A practical approach to measuring refraction in low-resource settings. PLoS ONE 14(10): e0219501.

Key findings

Refractive error can be accurately measured using affordable and handheld devices

Pre-production QuickSee prototype outperformed Retinomax and Netra portable autorefractors

QuickSee was found most accurate compared to subjective refraction, and suitable for epidemiological screening and as a diagnostic tool

Quality of eyeglass prescriptions from a low-cost wavefront autorefractor evaluated in rural India: results of a 708-participant field study.

Durr NJ, Dave SR, Lim D, et al. Quality of eyeglass prescriptions from a low-cost wavefront autorefractor evaluated in rural India: results of a 708-participant field studyBMJ Open Ophthalmology 2019;4:e000225. doi:10.1136/ bmjophth-2018-000225

Key findings

Eyeglass prescriptions can be accurately measured by a minimally trained technician using a low-cost wavefront autorefractor in rural India.

Data from 708 participants indicate a marginal difference in both prescription preference and resulting visual acuity between eyeglasses derived from subjective refraction versus QuickSee autorefraction (VA from QuickSee was on average only one eye chart letter worse).

Among the 438 participants 40 years old and younger, there was no statistically significant difference in the preferences for eyeglasses derived from subjective refraction versus QuickSee autorefraction.

Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science logo

Visual acuity evaluation with refractions prescribed by a novel low-cost wavefront aberrometer

E. Lage, et al. “Visual acuity evaluation with refractions prescribed by a novel low-cost wavefront aberrometerInvest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 2015, vol. 56, p. 3570.

Annual review of
Biomedical Engineering

Tackling the Global Burden of Uncorrected Refractive Errors

N. J. Durr, et al. From Unseen to Seen: Tackling the Global Burden of Uncorrected Refractive Errors. Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 16:131-153, Jul. 2014

Independent publications

PlenOptika was not involved in the design or analysis of this research.

ARVO TVST logo

Does the Accuracy and Repeatability of Refractive Error Estimates Depend on the Measurement Principle of Autorefractors?

Padhy D, Bharadwaj SR, Nayak S, Rath S, Das T. Does the accuracy and repeatability of refractive error estimates depend on the measurement principle of autorefractors?. Trans Vis Sci Tech. 2021;10(1):2, https://doi.org/10.1167/tvst.10.1.2

Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare

Better one or two? A systematic review of portable automated refractors

Samanta A, Shetty A, Nelson PC. Better one or two? A systematic review of portable automated refractors. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare. August 2020. doi:10.1177/1357633X20940140

References